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Brain scans show how different factors can influence obesity in men and women

Improvements in the way peoples’ brains are wired could explain some of the differences in obesity concerning gentlemen and women of all ages, new exploration released Thursday finds.

In females with being overweight, modifications in the brain tended to be centered on locations related to emotions, whilst in adult men with obesity, the modifications tended to be located in areas that play a function in gut sensations, these kinds of as how hungry or whole a person feels, the research uncovered. 

Previous exploration has documented brain discrepancies — these kinds of as alterations in the composition and connectivity of the mind — in people who have being overweight. 

“This has implications for the way we look at meals, the way we crave it and how that prospects to altered taking in patterns and, in convert, being overweight,” said Arpana Gupta, the director of the obesity system at the Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Middle at UCLA, who led the examine. 

Gupta and her staff wanted to dig in additional to identify what job a person’s intercourse performs in neural pathways and how those people pathways add to being overweight in distinct means. 

Brain scans show how different factors can influence obesity in men and women

The examine, revealed in the journal Mind Communications, verified that regardless of sex, discrepancies in selected brain networks surface to be joined to remaining overweight or overweight. But which components of the brain people alterations influenced appeared to be different in adult males and women of all ages. 

Whilst obesity in women of all ages appeared to be pushed additional by thoughts and the reward of food stuff, obesity in gentlemen appeared to be driven by the way they method feelings in the intestine. 

The analyze involved 42 guys and 63 women who, primarily based on their physique mass indexes, ended up not overweight or obese. They in contrast them to 23 adult men and 55 females who both were chubby or experienced weight problems. 

In addition to undergoing 3 MRI scans to evaluate brain framework, purpose and connectivity, the individuals gave details about their behavior and psychological wellness, such as childhood trauma, bouts of anxiousness and melancholy, foodstuff habit and character features, as nicely as how sensitive they had been to irritation in their organs, these types of as indigestion, experience full or feeling hungry.

The researchers when compared all the data and identified that in addition to the emotion-linked mind changes’ getting more common in women of all ages and the sensory-related changes’ getting much more prevalent in guys, some of the modifications had been also linked with childhood adversity and psychological wellness concerns.

Two vital points affect how a brain is structured, explained Bo Li, a professor of neuroscience at Chilly Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York, who studies neurological drivers of weight problems in mice. 

“One is genetics. We inherit a whole lot from our mothers and fathers, and that decides mainly how our brains are structured. One more part is the impact of the atmosphere,” Li said, including that childhood and family members experiences can adjust the brain’s wiring.

In the review, experiences of childhood trauma and nervousness have been larger amongst women of all ages with substantial BMIs in comparison to females who experienced reduced BMIs and adult men. People gals have been also extra vulnerable to emotion-pushed and compulsive feeding on, currently being drawn to processed foods or possessing foods habit.

Specifically all through occasions of worry, “humans as a whole are evolutionarily qualified to go just after matters that are fast, extreme and reputable,” mentioned Warren Bickel, the director of the Heart for Overall health Behaviors Research at Virginia Tech. “Food matches the bill, and processed food stuff fits the monthly bill even additional.”

That is rooted in the fight-or-flight reaction, Bickel said. Repeated or extended annoying events throughout childhood wire the brain to be keenly mindful of its speedy surroundings when grown ups sense stressed.

“It sets you up to be far more trapped in the fast environment, and the things you see in your fast setting may well have a bigger impact on you,” Bickel stated, which means that if you see a food items that is fulfilling in the rapid foreseeable future — say, a donut or an advertisement for quickly foodstuff — you may be a lot more prone to consuming it on impulse if your mind is stuck in struggle or flight. 

Mind alterations involved with mood had been much more frequent in ladies, and points like anxiousness and despair could also make a man or woman a lot less enthusiastic to be energetic, another recognised driver of being overweight. 

The conclusions could have implications for personalised treatment options for obesity, Gupta reported, noting that the investigation also highlights the responses loop among the brain and the intestine.

“The brain styles are part of the puzzle and show that the interactions with worry, atmosphere, temper and early lifestyle activities impact obesity and even that the intestine has to be accounted for,” she explained. “We have to take this whole-overall body technique when serving to particular person individuals with fat loss.”

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Bullies in white coats? ‘Too many’ health care workers experience toxic workplaces, studies show

Some bullies wear white coats, new research reveals.

While health care workers aim to treat their patients with compassion, empathy and respect, a significant number don’t follow those same ideals when working with each other, according to an article published recently by Massachusetts General Hospital.

Christine Porath, Ph.D, an expert in unprofessional workplace behavior who’s quoted in the article, told Fox News Digital this week that based on her research, “Too many health care workers and physicians are treated disrespectfully.”

WORKPLACE BULLYING: HOW TO RECOGNIZE IT, HOW TO HANDLE IT

And “we’ve found that the majority don’t report it, often out of a sense of fear or hopelessness,” she added.

Porath has studied disrespectful behavior at work in nearly two dozen industries, including in the health care field, and is a professor of management at Georgetown University’s McDonough School of Business; she’s also a consultant who advises leading organizations on how to create thriving workplaces.

Bullies in white coats? ‘Too many’ health care workers experience toxic workplaces, studies show

“Too many health care workers and physicians are treated disrespectfully” by others within the workplace, an expert in behavior told Fox News Digital. 
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In a piece she wrote for Harvard Business Review in November 2022 in which she also shared her research, she said incivility at work is “defined as rudeness, disrespect or insensitive behavior.” 

For over 20 years, she’s polled “hundreds of thousands of people worldwide about their experiences.”

FORGET ‘QUIET QUITTING’: NOW WORKERS ARE STRESSING OUT COLLEAGUES WITH ‘QUIET RESTRAINT’

Bad behavior in the workplace is on the rise due to a number of factors, said Porath, the author of the 2022 book, “Mastering Community: The Surprising Ways Coming Together Moves Us from Surviving to Thriving.”

Those factors include stress from the COVID pandemic; today’s economic downturn; the ongoing war in Ukraine; a poor sense of community; negative emotions; an increase in the use of technology; and a lack of self-awareness. 

Of those surveyed, 76{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of the people said they experience incivility in the workplace at least once a month. 

Her recent survey on the issue involved over 2,000 people in more than 25 industries globally, including frontline workers. It revealed that 76{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of respondents experience — and 78{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} actually witness — incivility at work at least once a month.

A 2022 Medscape survey of more than 1,500 physicians found that 86{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of those physicians had witnessed or experienced bullying or harassment by clinicians or staff in the past five years.

A 2022 Medscape survey of more than 1,500 physicians found that 86{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of those physicians had witnessed or experienced bullying or harassment by clinicians or staff in the past five years.
(iStock)

Porath isn’t the only one who has found issues in health care fields.

A 2022 Medscape survey of more than 1,500 physicians found that 86{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of those physicians had witnessed or experienced bullying or harassment by clinicians or staff in the past five years.

And 15{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of respondents said those individuals behaved poorly during the last year.

Health care and social service workers were five times more likely to experience workplace violence than all other workers. 

Also, health care and social service workers were five times more likely to experience workplace violence than all other workers, according to incidence data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics in 2018. 

The Joint Commission, which accredits more than 22,000 U.S. health care organizations and programs nationally, revised the workplace requirements for “workplace violence” last year. 

To combat bullying, harassment and other highly inappropriate and unwelcome behavior in the workplace, one medical school professor said more is needed beyond just "awareness building and punitive measures."

To combat bullying, harassment and other highly inappropriate and unwelcome behavior in the workplace, one medical school professor said more is needed beyond just “awareness building and punitive measures.”
(iStock)

Incidents of “workplace violence” may include “verbal, nonverbal, written or physical aggression; threatening, intimidating, harassing or humiliating words or actions; bullying; sabotage; sexual harassment; physical assaults; or other behaviors of concern involving staff, licensed practitioners, patients or visitors,” the Joint Commission noted in its guidelines that became effective Jan. 1, 2022.

‘Purposeful change’ needed

Dr. Pamela S. Douglas, a professor at Duke School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, told Fox News Digital that confronting the issue of inappropriate behavior in the health care workplace should involve more than just “awareness building and punitive measures.”

“The only viable long-term solution is purposeful cultural change through a system-wide approach,” she said.

DR. MARC SIEGEL: AMERICA IS TIRED OF KNEE-JERK PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSES

It “requires sustained leadership and [a] commitment of organizational resources,” she added.

The investigation into the complaint revealed a pattern of unprofessional behavior from the specialist.

Dr. Gerald Hickson, founding director of The Vanderbilt Center for Patient and Professional Advocacy (CPPA) in Nashville, Tennessee, told Fox New Digital about a recent report he published that involved a professionalism complaint.

A newly recruited specialist ate a nurse’s apple without that nurse’s permission. “I was between cases, and I was hungry,” the doctor noted, according to the report. 

“What I can’t believe is the nurse entered [an expletive] safety report and YOU have some group of minions wondering around sharing them,” the same doctor also said, the report noted. “This is unbelievable.”

The specialist's actions ranged from criticizing a nurse in front of a patient, to asking someone in training to "stop asking stupid questions," to refusing to participate in a "time-out" before a procedure began.

The specialist’s actions ranged from criticizing a nurse in front of a patient, to asking someone in training to “stop asking stupid questions,” to refusing to participate in a “time-out” before a procedure began.
(iStock)

The investigation into the complaint revealed a pattern of unprofessional behavior from this specialist.

The specialist’s actions ranged from criticizing a nurse in front of a patient, to asking someone in training to “stop asking stupid questions,” to refusing to participate in a “time out” before a procedure began.

TROUBLE AT WORK WITH A COLLEAGUE? HOW TO DEFUSE AN ARGUMENT BEFORE IT ESCALATES DANGEROUSLY

For 25 years, Hickson’s organization “has partnered with hospitals in the U.S., now over 200 sites, in conducting research and developing tools and defining processes to identify and intervene to support the 2.5{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} to 4{bf0515afdcaddba073662ceb89fbb62b6b1bf123143c0e06b788e1946e8c353f} of our professional workforce who model disrespect and threaten outcomes of care,” Hickson noted. 

Consequences of the behavior

Unprofessional behavior can have ripple effects on patient care.

It can also cause psychological distress, job dissatisfaction, encourage workers to call in sick and result in high turnover of staff, according to the Joint Commission.

“As a medical student, I encountered a senior resident who modeled classic bullying behavior directed toward learners.”

“Patients who receive care from physicians who model disrespect for other team members and patients and families are more likely to experience avoidable medical and surgical complications and death,” Hickson noted.

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Dr. Kellie Lease Stecher is president and co-founder of Patient Care Heroes — a platform that advocates for change within the culture of medicine and aims to tell the stories of health care workers who have sacrificed their lives for their profession.

Based in Minneapolis, Stecher told Fox News Digital, “Medical school is where it starts — the toxic medical culture, gossip, bullying and so much more.” 

One doctor still remembers how poorly a supervisor treated him many years ago. This individual "declared to us that one day we would thank him for the lessons he taught," the doctor said. 

One doctor still remembers how poorly a supervisor treated him many years ago. This individual “declared to us that one day we would thank him for the lessons he taught,” the doctor said. 
(iStock)

Dr. Mikkael Sekeres, chief of the division of hematology of Sylvester Cancer Center at the University of Miami, remembers his own experience later in training.

“During my hematology/oncology fellowship, I would estimate that two-thirds of my class of trainees exhibited signs of burnout or frank depression,” Sekeres told Fox News Digital. 

“Nothing was done to address the psychological well-being of the trainees.”

“This would be manifested as anger toward patients or other health care providers, sleeplessness issues, problems in relationships and a pervasive cynicism,” added Sekeres, who’s also the author of the book “Drugs and the FDA: Safety, Efficacy, and the Public’s Trust.”

“Nothing was done to address the psychological well-being of the trainees,” he recalled. “Many have since left patient care, and the profession, entirely.”

Hickson of Nashville still recalls to this day the way one of his superiors treated him in training so many years ago.

“As a medical student, I encountered a senior resident who modeled classic bullying behavior directed toward learners,” said Hickson. 

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“And [this individual] declared to us that one day we would thank him for the lessons he taught.”

He added, “I did learn several valuable lessons — but they were about how intimidating behavior threatens team performance and contributes to medical errors.”